Commonly Cited Sources in Chicago: Notes-Bibliography style:

Book | Ebook | Journal Article | Magazine Article | Newspaper Article | Website or Blog

E-mail, List-serv or Personal Communication | Audio/Video | Images or Advertisement | Secondary Source

Footnote Information with Examples | Other Citation Resources

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• 1 Author
• 2 or 3 Authors
• 4 + Authors
• No Author
• Organization as Author
• Preface, Forward or Introduction

• Book Chapter
• Edition other than First
• Translated Work
• Multivolume work (citing only 1 volume)
• Multivolume work (citing all volumes)
• Encyclopedia Entry
• Bible

Bibliography:

Footnote:

Author's Last Name, Author's First Name. Title of Book.

Place of Publication: Name of Publisher,

Year of Publication.

Zelizer, Barbie. Remembering to Forget: Holocaust

Memory through the Camera's Eye.

Chicago: University of Chicago Press,

2003.

First Note:

1. Barbie Zelizer, Remembering

to Forget: Holocaust Memory through the

Camera's Eye (Chicago: University of Chicago

Press, 2003), 7.

Shortened Note:

2. Zelizer, Remembering to

Forget, 7.

Bibliography:

Footnote:

First Author's Last Name, First Author's First Name, and

Second Author's First Name and Last

Name. Title of Book. Place of

Publication: Name of Publisher, Year of

Publication.

Mock, Douglas W., and Geoffrey A. Parker. The

Evolution of Sibling Rivalry. Oxford:

Oxford University Press, 1997.

First Note:

2. Douglas W. Mock and Geoffrey A.

Parker, The Evolution of Sibling Rivalry (Oxford:

Oxford University Press, 1997), 72.

Shortened Note:

3. Mock and Parker, The Evolution of

Sibling Rivalry, 72.

Bibliography:

Footnote:

First Author's Last Name, First Author's First Name, Second

Author's First Name and Last Name, Third

Author's First Name and Last Name, Fourth

Author's First Name and Last Name, Fifth

Author's First Name and Last Name, and Sixth

Author's First Name and Last Name. Title of

Book. Place of Publication: Name of Publisher,

Year of Publication.

Dasco, Sheryl Tatar, Clifford C. Dasco, Connie U. Brelhan, Kirk

C. Harlow, Margaret S. Jaffee-Neer, Marilyn

Rumsey, and Ellison H. Wittels. Managed Care

Answer Book. New York: Panel Publisher, 1995.

First Note:

17. Sheryl Tatar Dasco et al.,

Managed Care Answer Book (New York: Panel

Publishers, 1995), 122.

Shortened Note:

18. Sheryl Tatar Dasco et al.,

Managed Care Answer Book, 122.

Bibliography:

Footnote:

Anonymous. Title. Place of Publication:

Name of Publisher. Date of Publication.

The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language.

4th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. 2000.

Note: If a book is listed as 'anonymous', then that word should be included at the beginning of the citation. If not, then the reference can be listed the same way or begin with the title instead.

First Note:

18. The American Heritage

Dictionary of the English Language, 4th ed.

(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2000), 6.

Shortened Note:

19. The American Heritage

Dictionary of the English Language, 4th ed.

Bibliography:

Footnote:

Name of Organization. Title of Book. Place

of Publication: Name of Publisher, Year of

Publication.

American Psychiatric Association. Practice Guideline for

the Treatment of Patients with Panic Disorder.

Washington, DC: American Psychiatric

Association, 1998.

First Note:

12. American Psychiatric

Association. Practice Guideline for the

Treatment of Patients with Panic Disorder.

(Washington, DC: APA, 1998), 7.

Shortened Note:

13. American Psychiatric

Association. Practice Guideline, 7.

Bibliography:

Footnote:

Author's Last Name, Author's First Name. Preface (or use

Foreword or Introduction) to Title of Book, by

Book's Author, inclusive page numbers.

Place of Publication: Name of Publisher,

Date of Publication.

Roosevelt, Franklin D., Jr. Foreword to Love, Eleanor: Eleanor

Roosevelt and Her Friends, by Joseph P. Lash,

vii-viii. Garden City, NY: Doubleday and

Company, 1982.

First Note:

12. Franklin D. Roosevelt Jr.,

foreword to Love, Eleanor: Eleanor Roosevelt

and Her Friends, by Joseph P. Lash (Garden

City, NY: Doubleday and Company, 1982), vii.

Shortened Note:

13. Roosevelt, foreword, vii.

Bibliography:

Footnote:

Author's Last Name, Author's First Name. "Title of Chapter." In

Title of Book, edited by Name of Editor,

inclusive page numbers. Place of Publication:

Name of Publisher, Year of Publication.

Benedict, Karen. "Archival Ethics." In Managing Archives and

Archival Institutions, edited by James Gregory

Bradsher, 174-84. Chicago: University of

Chicago Press, 1988.

Note: The format and example above are for how to cite a chapter within a book that contains chapters written by different authors. If you are citing one chapter in a book written by a single author, see 14.111 in The Chicago Manual of Style, 16th ed. for the appropriate citation example.

First Note:

3. Karen Benedict, "Archival

ethics," in Managing Archives and Archival

Institutions, ed. James Gregory Bradsher

(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998),

176.

Shortened Note:

4. Karen Benedict, "Archival

ethics," 176.

Bibliography:

Footnote:

Author's Last Name, Author's First Name. Title of Book. Edition

number ed. Place of Publication: Name of

Publisher, Year of Publication.

Bukatko, Danuta, and Marvin A. Daehler. Child Development: A

Thematic Approach. 5th ed. Boston: Houghton

Mifflin, 2004.

First Note:

8. Danuto Buktatko and Marvin

A. Daehler, Child Development: A Thematic

Approach, 5th ed. (Boston: Houghton Mifflin,

2004), 78.

Shortened Note:

9. Buktatko and Daehler, Child

Development, 78.

Bibliography:

Footnote:

Author's Last Name, Author's First Name. Title of Book.

Translated by Name of Translator(s). Place of

Publication: Name of Publisher, Date of

Publication.

Freud, Sigmund. The Interpretation of Dreams. Translated by

Joyce Crick. New York: Oxford University press,

1999.

First Note:

33. Sigmund, Freud, The

Interpretation of Dreams, trans. Joyce Crick

(New York: Oxford University Press, 1999), 28.

Shortened Note:

34. Freud, The Interpretation of

Dreams, 28.

Bibliography:

Footnote:

Author's Last Name, Author's First Name. Title of Multivolume

Work. Vol. Volume Number, Title of Volume.

Place of Publication: Name of Publisher, Year

of Publication.

Churchill, Winston S. A History of the English-Speaking

Peoples. Vol. 1, The Birth of Britain. New York:

Dodd, Mead, 1956.

Note: Always give the volume number in an arabic numeral, even if a book has the volume number in a roman numeral or spelled out.

First Note:

39. Winston S. Churchill, A

History of the English-Speaking Peoples, vol.

1, The Birth of Britain (New York: Dodd, Mead,

1956), 88.

Shortened Form:

40. Churchill, A History of the

English-Speaking Peoples, 1:88.

Bibliography:

Footnote:

Author's Last name, Author's First Name. Title of Multivolume

Work. Number of Volumes vols. Place of

Publication: Name of Publisher, Year(s) of

Publication.

Cook, Blanche Weisen. Eleanor Roosevelt. 2 vols. New York:

Viking, 1992-99.

Note: Always give the volume numbers in arabic numerals, even if the book has the volume numbers in roman numerals or spelled out.

First Note:

38. Blanche Weisen Cook,

Eleanor Roosevelt (New York: Viking, 1992),

1:52.

Note: Only give the date for the volume being cited.

If each of the volumes of a multivolume work are titled, then follow the note example below:*

38. Winston S. Churchill, A

History of the English-Speaking Peoples,

vol. 1, The Birth of Britain (New York:

Dodd, Mead, 1956), 88.

Shortened Form:

39. Churchill, A History of the

English-Speaking Peoples, 88.

Bibliography:

Footnote:

Print Encyclopedia Entry:

Name of Encyclopedia. Edition ed. Place of Publication:

Name of Publisher (if applicable), Year of

Publication. s.v. "Title of Article."

Encyclopedia Americana, 2006 ed. Danbury: Scholastic.

s.v. "Robot."

Or:

Electronic Encyclopedia Entry:

Name of Encyclopedia. s.v. "Title of Article". Article published

Month Day, Year of Publication. Accessed Month

Day, Year of Access, URL.

Encyclopedia of Global Religion. s.v. "Kenya". Article published

May 14, 2009. Accessed July 17, 2012,

http://www.sage-ereference.com/view/

globalreligion /SAGE.xml.

Notes: Well-known encyclopedias are often omitted in the Bibliography and only included in the notes. Above is a more formal example.

For well known references such as Encyclopaedia Britannica, you can omit publisher and location, but the edition must be included. For less known publications, this information should be included.

If items are listed alphabetically, use abbreviation "s.v.", short for sub verbo, or "under the word".

If an electronic encyclopedia, list date of access and URL.

First Note:

Print:

34. Encyclopedia

Americana, 2006 ed., s.v. "Robot."

Or:

Electronic:

34. Encyclopedia of Global

Religion, s.v. "Kenya," published May 14,

2009, http://www.sage-ereference.

com/view/globalreligion /SAGE.xml.

Shortened Note:

Print:

35. Encyclopedia

Americana, s.v "Robot."

Electronic:

35. Encyclopedia of Global

Religion, s.v. "Kenya."

• Ebook (Chapter)
• Ebook (Entire Book)

Bibliography:

Footnote:

Author's Last Name, Author's First Name. "Title of Chapter." In

Title of Book, edited by Name of Editor, inclusive

page numbers. Place of Publication: Name of

Publisher. Year of Publication. Format of e-book.

Khan, Paul. "A Civil Religion of Human Rights?" In Civil

Religion, Human Rights and International

Relations: Connecting People Across Cultures

and Traditions, edited by Porsdam Helle, 49-65.

Northampton: Edward Elgar, 2012. EBL e-book.

Note: The format and example above are for how to cite a chapter within a book that contains chapters written by different authors. If you are citing one chapter in a book written by a single author, see 14.111 in The Chicago Manual of Style, 16th ed. for the appropriate citation example.

Include last modified date and URL if applicable.

 

First Note:

5. Paul Khan, "A Civil

Religion of Human Rights?" in Civil

Religion, Human Rights and International

Relations: Connecting people Across

Cultures and Traditions, ed. Porsdam Helle

(Northampton: Edward Elgar, 2012), EBL

ebook, 49-65.

Shortened Note:

6. Khan, "A Civil Religion of

Human Rights?," 49-65.

Note: When citing an e-book that does not have fixed page numbers, use a chapter number, section heading or another reference marker in the note.

Bibliography:

Footnote:

Author's Last Name, Author's First Name. Title of

Book. Place of Publication: Name of

Publisher, Year of Publication. Format

of e-book.

Russell, Martin. Beethoven's Hair: An Extraordinary

Historical Odyssey and a Scientific

Mystery Solved. New York: Broadway

Books, 2001. ebrary collections e-

book.

First Note:

5. Martin Russell, Beethoven's

Hair: An Extraordinary Historical Odyssey

and a Scientific Mystery Solved (New York:

Broadway Books, 2001), ebrary collections

e-book, 33.

Shortened Note:

6. Russell, Beethoven's Hair, 33.

Note: When citing an e-book that does not have fixed page numbers, use a chapter number, section heading or another reference marker in the note.

• Journal Article from Library Database
• Article from an Online Journal (other than library databases)
• Print Journal Article

Bibliography:

Footnote:

Author's Last Name, Author's First Name. "Title of Article." Title

of Journal volume number, no. issue number

(Year of Publication): page numbers. Name of

Database (accession number).

Chavez, Linda. "The Realities of Immigration." Commentary

122, no. 1 (2006): 34-41. Academic OneFile

(A147668438).

Or:

Kenseth, Joy. "Bernini's Borghese Sculptures: Another View."

The Art Bulletin 63, no. 2 (1981): 191-210.

http://www.jstor.org/stable/3050112.

Note: If a database uses a stable URL for an article, use the URL instead of the database name and accession number.

First Note:

4. Linda Chavez, "The Realities

of Immigration," Commentary 122, no. 1

(2006): 39. Academic OneFile (A147668438).

Shortened Note:

5. Chavez, "The Realities of

Immigration," 39.

Bibliography:

Footnote:

Author's Last Name, Author's First Name. "Title of Article." Title of Journal

volume number, no. issue number (Year of Publication):

page numbers. doi:xxxxxxxxxxxx.

Humphrey, Laura L. "Structural Analysis of Parent-Child Relationships in

Eating Disorders." Journal of Abnormal Psychology 95

(November 1986): 395-402. doi:10.1037/0021-

843X.95.4.395.

Or:

Salama, Ashraf M. "A Theory for Integrating Knowledge in

Architectural Design Education." Archnet-IJAR:

International Journal of Architectural Research 2 no. 1

(2008): 100-28. http://archnet.org/gws/IJAR/8821

/files_8181/2.1.07%20-a%20salama-pp100-128.pdf.

Note: If a journal uses continuous pagination throughout its volume, the issue number may be omitted.

If a DOI is not available, use a URL.

First Note:

4. Laura L.

Humphrey, "Structural Analysis of

Parent-Child Relationships in

Eating Disorders," Journal of

Abnormal Psychology 95

(November 1986): 396, doi:

10.1037/0021-843X.

Shortened Note:

5. Humphrey,

"Structural Analysis," 396.

Bibliography:

Footnote:

Author's Last Name, Author's First Name. "Title of Article." Title

of Journal volume number, no. issue number

(Year of Publication): page numbers.

Greenberg, Anna. "Race, Religiosity, and the Women's Vote."

Women & Politics 22, no. 3 (2001): 59-82.

Note: If a journal uses continuous pagination throughout its volume, the issue number may be omitted.

First Note:

4. Anna Greenberg, "Race,

Religiosity, and the Women's Vote," Women &

Politics 22, no. 3(2001): 61.

Shortened Note:

5. Greenberg, "Race,

Religiosity, and the Women's Vote,” 61.

• Magazine Article from Library Database
• Magazine Article from Online Website
• Print Magazine Article

Bibliography:

Footnote:

Author's Last Name, Author's First Name. "Title of Article." Title of

Magazine, Month Day, Year of Publication. Name of

database, (accession number) or stable URL

(if available).

Brown, Rob. "The Last Boom Industry." New Statesman, March

26, 2012. Academic OneFile.

(GALE|A286256641).

Note: Usually magazine articles are only cited within the text of the paper. A corresponding reference list entry is not needed, as long as the item has been documented in the text. Above is a more formal example of the citation.

Only provide a URL if it is a permanent or stable link. Most databases will specify this.

First Note:

7. Rob Brown, "The

Last Boom Industry," New

Statesman, March 26, 2012,

accessed June 10, 2012,

Academic OneFile,

(GALE|A286256641).

Shortened Note:

8. Brown, "The Last

Boom Industry."

Bibliography:

Footnote:

Author's Last Name, Author's First Name. "Title of Article." Title of

Magazine, Month Day, Year of Publication. URL.

Malcolm, Janet. "Depth of Field." New Yorker, September 26, 2011.

http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2011/09/26/

110926fa_fact_malcolm.

Note: Usually magazine article are only cited within the text of the paper. A corresponding bibliography entry is not needed, as long as the item has been documented in the text. Above is a more formal example of the citation.

First Note:

2. Janet Malcolm, "Depth

of Field," New Yorker, September 26,

2011, accessed June 6, 2012.

http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/

2011/09/26/110926fa_fact_malcolm.

Shortened Note:

3. Malcolm, "Depth of

Field."

Bibliography:

Footnote:

Author's Last Name, Author's First Name. "Title of Article." Title

of Magazine, Month, Day, Year of Publication.

Fineman, Howard. "The Political Winds of War." Newsweek,

May 7, 2007.

First Note:

10. Howard Fineman, "The

Political Winds of War," Newsweek,

May 7, 2007, 45.

Shortened Note:

11. Fineman, "The Political

Winds of War," 45.

• Newspaper Article from Library Database
• Article from Newspaper Website
• Print Newspaper Article
• Newspaper Article with unknown author
• Letter to the Editor

Bibliography:

Footnote:

Author's Last Name, Author's First Name. "Title of Article." Title of

Newspaper, Month Day, Year of Publication. Name of

Database (accession number) or stable URL

(if available).

Harmon, Amy. "DNA Gatherers Hit a Snag: The Tribes Don't Trust

Them." New York Times December 10, 2006.

ProQuest Newspapers (433461714).

Notes: Usually newspaper articles are only cited within the text of the paper. A corresponding bibliography entry is not needed, as long as the item has been documented in the text. Above is a more formal example of the citation.

Only provide a URL if it is a permanent or stable link. Most databases will specify this.

First Note:

6. Amy Harmon, "DNA

Gatherers Hit a Snag: The Tribes Don't

Trust Them," New York Times,

December 10, 2006, ProQuest

Newspapers (433461714).

Shortened Note:

7. Harmon, "DNA

Gatherers."

Bibliography:

Footnote:

Author's Last Name, Author's First Name. "Title of Article." Title of

Newspaper, Month Day, Year of Publication.

Accessed Date Month Day, Year. URL.

Harmon, Amy. "DNA Gatherers Hit a Snag: The Tribes Don't Trust

Them." New York Times, December 10, 2006.

Accessed January 5, 2007. http://www.nytimes.com/

2006/12/10/us/10dna.html.

Note: Usually newspaper articles are only cited within the text of the paper. A corresponding bibliography entry is not needed, as long as the item has been documented in the text. Above is a more formal example of the citation.

First Note:

6. Amy Harmon, "DNA

Gatherers Hit a Snag: The Tribes

Don't Trust Them," New York Times,

December 10, 2006, accessed

June 10, 2012,

http://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/10/

us/10dna.html.

Shortened Note:

7. Harmon, "DNA

Gatherers."

Bibliography:

Footnote:

Author's Last Name, Author's First Name. "Title of Article." Title

of Newspaper, Month, Day, and Year of

Publication, Section, Edition.

Vogel, Carol. "Art in the Present Tense: Politics, Loss and

Beauty." New York Times, June 11, 2007, Arts

section, East Coast edition.

Note: Usually newspaper articles are only cited in a note. A corresponding bibliography entry is not needed, as long as the item has been documented in the notes. Above is a more formal example of the citation.

First Note:

11. Carol Vogel, "Art in the

Present Tense: Politics, Loss and Beauty,"

New York Times, June 11, 2007, Arts section,

East Coast edition.

Shortened Note:

12. Vogel, "Art in the Present

Tense."

Bibliography:

Footnote:

Title of Newspaper. "Title of Article." Month Day, Year of

Publication.

Hartford Courant. "Number of Out-of-Wedlock Births a Record."

November 26, 2006.

Note: Usually newspaper articles are only cited in a note. A corresponding bibliography entry is not needed, as long as the item has been documented in the notes. Above is a more formal example of the citation.

First Note:

7. "Number of Out-of-Wedlock

Births a Record,"Hartford Courant, November

26, 2006.

Shortened Note:

8. "Number of Out-of-Wedlock,"

Hartford Courant.

Bibliography:

Footnote:

Author's Last Name, Author's First name, letter to the editor,

Title of Newspaper, Month, Day and Year of

Publication.

Arsham, Jane. letter to the editor, Boston Globe, November 9, 2006.

 

First Note:

4. Jane Ashram, letter to

the editor, Boston Globe, November 9,

2006.

Shortened Note:

5. Ashram, letter to the

editor.

• Website
• Website, no author
• Blog Posting

Bibliography:

Footnote:

Author of the Site. "Title of Web Page." Owner/Sponsor of

Site. Published, Modified, or Accessed

Month, day and year. URL.

Watson, Ivan. "Tunisians Vote in First Election Following

Arab Spring." CNN.com. Last modified

October 23, 2011.

http://us.cnn.com/2011/10/23 /world /africa

/tunisia- elections/index.html.

Note: The Chicago Manual of Style suggests citing web pages only in the notes. If your paper does not contain notes, cite the web page in the bibliography.

If there is not a publication date or last modified date, use the date when you accessed the web page.

First Note:

13. Ivan Watson,

"Tunisians Vote in First Election

Following Arab Spring," CNN.com,

last modified October 23, 2011,

http://us.cnn.com/2011/10/23/world/

africa/tunisia-elections/index.html.

Shortened Note:

14. Watson, "Tunisians

Vote."

Bibliography:

Footnote:

"Title of webpage." Title of Website, Published, Modified, or

Accessed Date Month Day, Year. URL.

"Victorian Smoking Rates Hit Record Low." 9 News. Accessed

July 17, 2012.

http://news.ninemsn.com.au/health/8501042

/victorian-smoking-rates-hit-record-low.

Notes: Usually websites are only cited within the text of the paper. A corresponding bibliography entry is not needed, as long as the item has been documented in the text. Above is a more formal example of the citation.

If the publication date or the date of the web page's last modification is not available, use the date when you accessed the web page.

First Note:

6. "Victorian Smoking Rates

Hit Record Low." 9 News. accessed July 17,

2012. http://www.ninemsn.com.au/health

/8501042/victorian-smoking-rates-hit-

record-low.

Shortened Note:

7. "Victorian Smoking Rates."

Bibliography:

Footnote:

Running Text Example:

In her blog posting dated November 15, 2009, on AHA Today, Jessica Pritchard gives a favorable review of the Inuit Heritage Trust's web resources for teachers.

Below is a more formal example of the citation:

Title of Blog (blog (if not part of the title)). URL.

AHA Today (blog). http://blog.historians.org/education/919/

inuit-contact-an-arctic-culture-

teaching-resource.

Note: You may cite blog entries and comments within the text of your paper instead of using a note. Also you may omit the blog citation from your bibliography.

First Note:

9. Jessica Pritchard, "Inuit

Contact: An Arctic Culture Teaching

Resource," AHA Today (blog), November

15, 2009, http://blog.historians.org/

education/919/inuit-contact-an-arctic-

cutlture-teaching-resource.

Shortened Note:

10. Pritchard, "Inuit Contact.”

• E-mail
• Electronic Mailing List (List-serv)
• Personal Communication

Bibliography:

Footnote:

Running Text Example:

In her e-mail to the author on December 6, 2006, Barbara Smith described...

Note: You may cite e-mail messages within the text of your paper instead of using a note. Usually e-mails are not listed in the bibliography.

First Note:

6. Barbara Smith, e-mail

message to author, December 6, 2006.

Shortened Note:

7. Barbara Smith, e-mail

message to author, December 6, 2006.

Bibliography:

Footnote:

Message Author's Last Name, Message Author's First Name.

E-mail to Name of Mailing List. Date of Posting. URL of

archived message (if applicable).

Abungu, Lorna. E-mail to ICME Electronic Mailing List. April 13, 2007,

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/icme/message/155.

Note: Electronic mailing list messages are only included in a bibliography if they are accessible via a stable URL.

 

First Note:

7. Lorna Abungu

to ICME Electronic Mailing List,

April 13, 2007, http://groups.

yahoo.com/group icme

message/155.

Shortened Note:

8. Lorna Abungu

to ICME Electronic Mailing List,

April 16, 2007.

Bibliography:

Footnote:

Running Text Example:

In a telephone conversation between Sarah Jones and the author on June 22, 2006...

Notes: Personal communications such as face to face conversation, telephone conversation, text messages, etc. are not typically included in the bibliography.

They may be cited in the running text of your paper instead of using a footnote.

First Note:

4. Sarah Jones, e-mail

message to author, June 22, 2006.

Shortened Note:

5. Sarah Jones, telephone

conversation, June 22, 2006.

• Online Video (including music video)
• Motion Picture
• Sound Recording

• Television Episode
• Television Series

Bibliography:

Footnote:

Author's Last Name, Author's First Name. Title of Film. Name

of Publisher, Date of Work, Format of Film,

From Source, Collection Name. Medium,

Duration of film. URL.

Edison, Thomas A. Sleighing Scene. Thomas A. Edison,

Inc., 1898, 35mm film. From Library of

Congress, America at Work, America at

Leisure: Motion Pictures from 1894-1915.

RealMedia, MPEG, Quick Time video, 47 sec.

http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mbrsmi/

lcmp002.m2a38968

First Note:

6. Thomas A. Edison, Sleighing

Scene (Thomas A. Edison, Inc., 1898),

35 mm film, from Library of Congress,

America at Work, America at Leisure: Motion

Pictures from 1894-1915, RealMedia, MPEG,

Quick Time video, 47 sec.,

http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mbrsmi/lcmp002.

m2a38968.

Shortened Note:

7. Sleighing Scene.

Bibliography:

Footnote:

Title of Movie. Directed by Name of Director. Original Release

Date (if applicable). Location of Distributor:

Name of Distributor, Release Date, Medium.

Rear Window. Directed by Alfred Hitchcock. 1954. Universal

City, CA: Universal Pictures, 2001, DVD.

First Note:

33. Rear Window, directed by

Alfred Hitchcock (1954; Universal City, CA:

Universal Pictures, 2001), DVD.

Shortened Note:

34. Rear Window.

Bibliography:

Footnote:

Name of Composer, Conductor, or Performer (depends on

who you emphasize in your paper). Title of

Recording. Name of Composer, Conductor,

and/or Performer (if they are not listed at the

beginning of the bibliography entry). Name of

Recording Company Music Number, Copyright

Date, medium. Recording Date or Published

Date.

Horowitz, Vladimir. The Last Recording. Sony Classical SK

45818, 1990, compact disc. Recorded in 1989.

First Note:

13. Valdimir Horowitz, The Last

Recording, recorded in 1989, Sony Classical

SK 45818, 1990, compact disc.

Shortened Note:

14. Horowitz, The Last

Recording.

Bibliography:

Footnote:

Title of Program. "Title of Episode." Episode number

(if applicable). Directed by Name of Director. Written by

Name of Writer. Narrated by Name/s of Narrator/s (if

applicable). Performed by Name of Performer/s (if

applicable). Name of Network, Original Air Date.

Journey to Planet Earth. "Land of Plenty, Land of Want."

Directed by Hal Weiner. Written by Hal Weiner.

Narrated by Kelly McGillis. PBS, 1999.

First Note:

8. Journey to Planet

Earth, "Land of Plenty, Land of Want,"

1999.

Or:

8. Journey to Planet

Earth, "Land of Plenty, Land of Want,"

directed by Hal Weiner, written by Hal

Weiner, narrated by Kelly McGillis,

PBS, 1999.

Shortened Note:

9. Journey to Planet

Earth, "Land of Plenty."

Bibliography:

Footnote:

Title of Program. Directed by Name of Director. Written by

Name of Writer. Narrated by Name/s of

Narrator/s. Performed by Name/s of

Performer/s. Name of Network,

Original Air Date.

Journey to Planet Earth. Directed by Hal Weiner. Written by Hal

Weiner. Narrated by Kelly McGillis. PBS, 1999.

First Note:

8. Journey to Planet Earth,

PBS, 1999.

Shortened Note:

9. Journey to Planet Earth.

 

• Online Images
• Work of art
• Advertisement

Bibliography:

Footnote:

Author's Last Name, Author's First Name. Title of Work. Format

of Work. Place of Publication: Name of

Publisher, Date of Work. From Source,

Collection Name. Medium. URL.

Lange, Dorothea. Destitute Pea Pickers in California. Mother of

Seven Children. Age Thirty-Two. Nipomo,

California. Photograph. 1936. From Library of

Congress, America from the Great Depression

to World War II: Black-and-White Photographs

from the FSA-OWI, 1935-1945. JPEG and

TIFF files. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/

resource/fsa.8b29516/.

Or:

Arnold, E. G. Topographical Map of the Original District

of Columbia and Environs Showing the

Fortifications around the City of Washington.

Map. New York: G. Woolworth Colton, 1862.

From Library of Congress, Civil War Maps,

1861-1865. JPEG2000 file.

http://www.loc.gov/pictures/resource/

fsa.8b29516/.

Note: Titles of paintings, drawings, sculptures, and photographs are italicized. Titles of antiquities are set in roman.

First Note:

5. E. G. Arnold, Topographical

Map of the Original District of Columbia and

Environs Showing the Fortifications around the

City of Washington (New York: G. Woolworth

Colton, 1862), from Library of Congress,

Civil War Maps, 1861-1865, JPEG2000 file,

http://www.loc.gov/pictures/resource/

fsa.8b29516/

Shortened Note:

6. Arnold, Topographical Map.

Bibliography:

Footnote:

Artist's Last Name, Artist's First Name. Date. Title of Work,

Museum Name, Museum Location.

Hopper, Edward. 1929. Railroad Sunset. Whitney Museum of

American Art, New York.

Note: Works of art are not typically included in the bibliography, just the notes. Above is a more formal example of the citation.

First Note:

14. Edward Hopper, Railroad

Sunset, 1929, Whitney Museum of Art, New

York.

Note: If the exact date is not available, use an approximate date preceded by ca. (short for circa) before it.

Shortened Note:

15. Hopper, Railroad Sunset.

Bibliography:

Footnote:

Product, Company, or Institution Name. Date of Publication.

"Title of Advertisement" (if applicable)

advertisement. Name of Publication, page

number (for print) or URL (for electronic).

Banana Republic. October 2006. Advertisement. InStyle, 51.

Note: Advertisements are not typically included in the bibliography, just in the notes. Above is a more formal example of the citation.

First Note:

22. Banana Republic,

Advertisement, October 2006, InStyle.

Shortened Note:

23. Banana Republic

Advertisement.

Bibliography:

Footnote:

Sontag, Susan. On Photography. New York: Anchor Books,

1977. Quoted in Barbie Zelizer. Remembering

to Forget: Holocaust Memory through the

Camera's Eye. Chicago: University of Chicago

Press, 2003.

Note: Give the citation for the original material (use the appropriate citation format for your source, e.g. book or article) followed by the words "Quoted in." Then give the citation information for your secondary source.

First Note:

6. Susan Sontag, On

Photography (New York: Anchor Books,

1977), quoted in Barbie Zelizer,

Remembering to Forget: Holocaust

Memory through the Camera's Eye.

(Chicago: University of Chicago

Press, 2003), 11.

Shortened Note:

7. Sontag, On Photography in

Zelizer, 2003.

• Numbering Footnotes and Positioning Footnote Numbers
• Shortened Notes
• Several Sources Cited in One Note
• Using Ibid.
• Citations plus Commentary
• Bible

Footnotes are numbered consecutively beginning with 1. In the text of your paper, note numbers are superscript. In the footnotes, note numbers are regular size and not raised.

Special Note:

• Bibliography: Invert the author's name (Author's Last Name, Author's First Name),
• Note: Don't invert the author's name (Author's First Name Author's Last Name).

Example:

"No single memory reflects all that is known about a given event, personality, or issue." ¹

Put the note number at the end of a sentence or clause and after any punctuation, except for the dash.

1. Barbie Zelizer, Remembering to Forget: Holocaust Memory through the Camera's Eye (Chicago: University of

Chicago Press, 2003), 3.

Use a full footnote the first time a source is noted, and use a shortened note for subsequent times that the same source is noted.

Full Footnote Example:

1. Barbie Zelizer, Remembering to Forget: Holocaust Memory through the Camera's Eye (Chicago: University of

Chicago Press, 2003), 3.

Shortened Footnote Format:

Author's Last Name, Title (shorten if more than 4 words), page number.

5. Zelizer, Remembering to Forget, 11.

Separate each citation with a semicolon and keep the sources in the same order as they are mentioned in the text.

Example:

Some of the scholars that have addressed this issue are Barbie Zelizer, Martin Russell, and Karen Benedict.3

3. Barbie Zelizer, Remembering to Forget: Holocaust Memory through the Camera's Eye (Chicago: University of

Chicago Press, 2003), 11; Martin Russell, Beethoven's Hair: An Extraordinary Historical Odyssey and a Scientific Mystery

Solved (New York: Broadway Books, 2001), ebrary collections e-book; Karen Benedict, "Archival Ethics," in Managing Archives

and Archival Institutions, ed. James Gregory Bradsher (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998), 176.

Use Ibid. if the preceding note contains the same information as your following note. If the page numbers being cited are different, then give the new page numbers. If the pages are the same, use only Ibid. Do not use Ibid. if the preceding note contains several citations.

Examples:

1. Barbie Zelizer, Remembering to Forget: Holocaust Memory through the Camera's Eye (Chicago: University of

Chicago Press, 2003), 3.

2. Ibid., 11.

3. Karen Benedict, "Archival Ethics," in Managing Archives and Archival Institutions, ed. James Gregory

Bradsher (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998), 176.

4. Ibid.

5. Ibid., 178.

6. Douglas W. Mock and Geoffrey A. Parker, The Evolution of Sibling Rivalry (Oxford: Oxford University Press,

1997), 72; Danuta Bukato and Marvin A. Daehler, Child Development: A Thematic Approach, 5th ed. (Boston: Houghton Mifflin,

2004), 78.

7. Mock and Parker, Evolution of Sibling Rivalry, 75.

In the footnote, cite your source first, and then add your commentary.

Example:

11. Carol Vogel, "Art in the Present Tense: Politics, Loss and Beauty," New York Times, June 11, 2007, Arts

section, East Coast edition. Several African countries were represented in the 52nd Venice Biennale for the first time.

Bibliography:

Footnote:

Title and version. Place of Publication: Publisher. Date of Publication Year.

The Bible: Authorized King James version. Oxford: Oxford University

Press, 1998.

Notes: Books of the Bible can be abbreviated, for example, Lev., Num.

Including a Bibliography entry for the Bible is not required, but may be used to reference a particular version.

First Note:

64. John 3:2-5

(King James Version).

Shortened Note:

65. John 3:2-5.